During the latter part of 2014 the oil price fell from well over $100 Essay

During the latter part of 2014 the oil price fell from well over $100 per barrel to around $50 per barrel. Why might this sudden fall have occurred and how will it affect economies around the world - Essay Example The theories of aggregate demand and supply have been linked with the fall in price of oil to understand the macroeconomic policy (Arnhem, 2014). The traders who are responsible for setting the prices are to consider the current production and supply of oil before bidding for the prices. Other factors are the future supply of oil that is the capacity of the oil reserves. These reserves play a crucial role when the price of oil gets too high and in case when the demand exceeds the supply. The third factor to be taken into account is the demand for oil in the economy. The demand and the supply of oil are the essential components responsible for the changes in the oil prices. The global demand for oil is less than supply and that is responsible for the fall in oil prices. A major factor for fluctuation of the prices was the sudden increase in oil production in the US. This had resulted fall in the crude oil prices (Times Internet Limited, 2015). It was also observed that in order to keep the oil prices high, Saudi Arabia the largest exporter of petroleum reduced the oil prices affecting the economy. Moreover, the increase in pro duction was also observed in Libya and Angola that raised the total output of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC is an organization that that controls the production of oil in the world. Currently, the members of the OPEC are pumping 42 percent of the global annual supply. The organization is also responsible for controlling the exports of the petroleum. The member countries also support the oil reserves in case of excess demand. Therefore, for this reason OPEC’s decisions regarding control of oil prices are crucial for those countries dependent on import of oil (Bloomberg L.P, 2014). The economic activities are influenced by the demand for the energy resources. The supply of oil is also

Proposal Plan Essay Example for Free

Proposal Plan Essay The purpose for the organization Walgreens is to stay put in a dynamic, self-motivated and energetic business environment. Walgreens is a successful business looking to progress overall presentation and place the company for potential expansion. In order for this to follow through, a total rewards program needs to be created. The incentives and compensation plan must connect with the goals of the organization. A solid rewards program will build motivation in the work place. As the text states, â€Å"The notions that rewards are means to motivate employees assuming that the rewards are distributed fairly. Rewards seem to be part of many different perspectives in motivation (Helsley, 2013). The most important part is the employees in this organization, and sadly the motivation is not up to par. Employees who lack motivation, insinuates that employees are not receiving proper rewards. Instead of management focusing on only one specific part of a department, they should rather work together towards a solid vision for the business. Presently, there is room for opportunity, to actually analyze the Human Resource Management system and see which problems which are leading employees to show lack of motivation. Through various researches, employees and outside sources, especially Human Capital Consulting organizations, believe that financial compensation is lower than market value. Employees do also not comprehend how pay interlinks with job performance. 20011 to 20012 surveys show that employees think that pay connects to seniority (Pulakos, 2004). Adding to standard compensation, individual rewards are not well connected to performance. For example, departments like Research Development and sales focus the transaction force and rarely see any return. The lack of proper positioning for financial compensation and work performance is causing confusion and affecting the motivational problems. Walgreens needs to acknowledge that employee’s views need to be considered. This is the reason why the distance in understanding between the employees and the business needs to be fixed. Alterations to financial compensation can be expensive. The consultant from Human Capital Consulting the reward and compensation system needs to be fully reformed. The total cost of the reward system alterations are about $165,000. Since the business has been dealing with sales declining an investment of that sort would put the organization at a high risk (Walgreens Co. , 2013). Even though the company has to cope with that expense the organization has the chance to better compete in the market and reduce the risk of losing employees to other businesses due to financial compensation formats. This problem can be resolved if the management team at Walgreens takes into consideration the cause of external competition. Key objectives to consider are to make certain that the pay is enough to attract and sustain employees. If employees do not see that their pay is competitive compared to what other organizations are giving for the same type of work, then that might cause for the employee to leave. Even though employee motivation and financial compensation are viewed as big problems for Walgreens, the business’ ability to form attraction and support career enhancement has been dwindling. The problems can be caused by the lack of Human Resource Management in the business strategic human capital management, with a failure by leadership to form a successful culture that aids the business objectives. As the business sets itself straight and alters its strategy, it will be vital to effectively train employees and make certain that they are set for the challenges that come their way. Sadly, motivation issues are harming the business and may affect the strategic changes. Examples of the weak culture and employee development are seen in the Research Development and sales parts of the organization. Each section contributes to the success of the business but receives rarely any recognition, whether it is pay or just an overall recognition. Walgreens has the chance to brace the culture and form a complete employee development system that supports the enterprises vision and goals for the future. To add to this the business has the ability to explore other areas aside from the financial compensation to augment employee motivation and job satisfaction. Executing a career development system will not be enough for long-term enhancements. Management at Walgreens will need to center on building situations that practice career development (Walgreens Co. , 2013). Employees at Walgreens have different interests. These interests can include financial compensation, career enhancement or development, strong and effective communication and of course support from the management team. Employees have the right to be rewarded fairly and be acknowledged for their efforts and hard work to the organization. To add to this, employees have the right to be included in the organizations culture instead of being part of teams that are divided up. This usually leads to a lack of direction. Employees crave cooperation, a challenging working environment and dedication. Thats why effective end state goals would be to make certain that employee motivation is being measured effectively. Also, form career development plans and spot out important achievements within the business. Not only employee motivation should be worked on, but also set up a comprehensive rewards system. The reward system will give employees the chance to take charge of their reward as well as form a spot to market benefits that pertain to Walgreen employees. An internal web application should be created by HR (Walgreens Co. , 2012). The system will center on benefits administration, cross-function team goal management, and incentive rewards tracking systems. Employees will have the option of reviewing their benefits and make alterations on their time. Also, managers will be able to appraise the improvement and donations made by cross-functional teams. Sales statistics will also be part of the reward system to keep track of sales performance. Overall, Walgreens needs to restructure its employee compensation program. This means that the organization needs to first acknowledge that employee motivation is low. From there, increase it, by rewarding employees for a job well done. Acknowledging them in front of their employees and even bonuses will be nice. Flexible schedule is so important. Basically, re-evaluating everything to make certain that employees are feeling valued.

The Crucible - fear and suspicion Essays -- Essay on The Crucible

In the Crucible, Arthur Miller shows us how fear and suspicion can destroy a community. As the play develops, Miller shows us how fear and suspicion increase and destroy the community. Throughout the play it becomes apparent that the community gets more and more divided as time goes on. In the beginning there were arguments about ownership of land between some of the villagers. As the story progresses people fear for their own safety and begin accusing their neighbours of witchcraft in order to escape being hanged. Salem became overrun by the hysteria of witchcraft. Mere suspicion itself was accepted as evidence. As a Satan-fearing community, they could not think of denying the evidence, because to deny the existence of evil was to deny the existence of goodness; which was God. In the 17th century a group of Puritans migrated from England to America - the land of dreams - to escape persecution for their religious beliefs. As Arthur Miller tells us in the introduction to Act 1 'no one can really know what their lives were like.' We would never be able to imagine a life with 'no novelists' and 'their creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or vain entertainment.' 'They didn't celebrate Christmas, and a holiday from work meant only that they must concentrate even more upon prayer.' They led a very austere and bleak life. The people of Salem - from which the audience derive their "good" and "evil" characters - were superstitious and highly religious, and their Theocratic form of government offered them security and unity. However, this strong religious background also offered the option to use it misguidedly to promote the evil of false accusations. The excessive and blind religious fanaticism... ...n 1947 but a year later in 1958 his conviction was quashed by the Supreme Court. The play is relevant to any society destroyed by fear, suspicion, paranoia and accusation - other societies where something similar has happened include East Germany under communism after World War 2, Afghanistan under the Taliban and China under the Cultural Revolution when the Red Guards would decry people for being bourgeois reactionaries. In conclusion I think that the ideas of fear and suspicion appear throughout the play. Initially the suspicion starts on a small scale but gradually develops and destroys the community. The fear of the devil at the beginning extends and includes fear of others and neighbours but when the court comes into action the community are also afraid of the court. All the fears and suspicion mounts up and the community is thrown into turmoil.

My Dream School

General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2007 ENGLISH (SPECIFICATION A) 3702/2F Paper 2 Foundation Tier Thursday 7 June 2007 1. 30 pm to 3. 00 pm Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Instructions ! Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen. ! Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is 3702/2F. ! Answer two questions. ! Answer one question from Section A. Answer one question from Section B. ! For Section A, you must have a copy of the AQA Anthology labelled 2005 onwards in the examination room.Section 1 of the Anthology must not contain any annotations. ! Write your answers in the answer book provided. ! Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. ! You must not use a dictionary. Information ! The maximum mark for this paper is 54. ! The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ! You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. All questions should be answered in continuous prose. Advice You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on each sectionThis section relates to Section 1 of the AQA Anthology labelled 2005 onwards that you have been using during the course. Answer one question from this section on the poems you have studied in Section 1 of the Anthology: Poems from Different Cultures (pages 5-18). You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section. EITHER 1 Compare the methods Denise Levertov uses to present a particular culture in eWhat Were They Like? i (page 11) with the methods another poet uses to present a culture or cultures in one other poem from the Poems from Different Cultures.Write about: ! the cultures in the two poems the methods the poets use to present them ! how those methods are similar ! how those methods are different ! which poem you prefer and why. (27 marks) OR 2 How does Sujata Bhatt show that identity (who you are) is important in efrom Search For My Tong uei (page 12)? Compare the methods she uses with the methods another poet uses to show that identity is important in one other poem from the Poems from Different Cultures. Write about: ! identity in the two poems ! why identity is important in the poems ! the methods each poet uses to present identity and its importance. (27 marks) SECTION B: WRITING TO INFORM, EXPLAIN OR DESCRIBEAnswer one question in this section. You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section. EITHER 3 Many people are interested in animals. Write an informative article on an animal or animals of your choice. Remember to: ! write an article ! choose language to inform about the animal or animals. (27 marks) OR 4 Teenagers are often criticised in newspapers. Write a letter to the editor of a national newspaper explaining why this is often unfair. Remember to: ! explain what sort of things teenagers are often criticised for ! focus on why it might be unfair to criticise teenagers ! use letter form use lan guage to explain ! use language suitable for a national newspaper. (27 marks) OR 5 Describe your home.Remember to: ! think about what makes a home ! describe the sorts of things which make somewhere a home ! choose language suitable for describing your home. (27 marks) OR 6 Childhood memories can be very important. Choose one childhood memory. Describe the memory and explain its importance to you. Remember to: ! choose a childhood memory ! describe it in detail ! explain why the memory is important to you ! choose language to describe and to explain. (27 marks) END OF QUESTIONS My Dream School My dream school Monday, April 22, 2013 A Dream School in My Mind Have you ever thought about why you are going to school? Or have you ever talked to yourself: â€Å"Oh my God, it’s school time again. † The environment keeps changing all the time. We change houses, jobs, friends and schools. We might often ask ourselves a question: Is there any dream places where we would like to stay? If you have a chance to create a dream school, what is your dream school going to be? In my mind, a dream school is not a place that only teaches students basic knowledge. It should be a place where students can apply the skills they learn.Let’s talk about my schooling experience first. I studied at elementary school for six years, middle school and high school for six year, and university for four years. Under the traditional pattern of education, I realized that in addition to the knowledge from books, I did not get anything during my whole school life. We were taught to follow th e teacher and school’s instructions. We could not have our own ideas and had to face never-ending homework. I hated chemistry and physics. I didn’t understand why I needed to study these two subjects. The only thing I could do was memorized the formula and do the exercises again and again.I thought these subjects would not relate to my future job. This has proved to be true. I cannot remember most of the subjects that I learned in school when I graduated from high school. After college in China, I told myself that I would never go to school again. After the sixteen years of school experience, I was extremely tired. I also imagine my dream school. If I could design my dream school, it probably should be a studio school. What is a studio school? The studio school is the kind of school which breaks away from the traditional education system. The original idea of a studio was from the Renaissance.People learn their skills by working. In the Chinese language, two characters represent the word â€Å"learning†. The first character means to study. The second character means to practice constantly. Studying and practicing are put together. It suggests that learning should mean self-improvement. This comprehension is confirmed by the studio school. There are two main aspects in a studio school. First, students who study in a studio school will be much more motivated and excited than in traditional education. A large number of teenagers are dropping out of school because they are bored in the traditional education system.They don’t like to attend school. They can’t see any relationship between what they learn in school and their future job. On the other hand, employers complain that the students are not actually ready for real jobs. They didn’t have any experiences or the right attitude. Studio school can solve this problem. Every student can attend this kind of studio school. There is no extra cost and no selection. This school allows the students the route into university. The most important part is that most of the curriculum is done not through sitting in a classroom. No grades or competition exists in school. Every class has their own field.One class may focus on creative and media industries, while other ones have a focus on health care, engineering and other fields. Students would decide the specific subject that they like to study. Second, this school puts things like working in teams, and doing practical projects at the heart of learning, rather than on the edges. Students learn best by doing things and learn best in teams. In the studio school, students do the practical projects and work on commission for businesses. Every student would have a coach, as well as a teacher who would have a timetable much more like a work environment in a business.And all of projects will be done within the public system. Students do a lot of real projects in order to prepare much better for real life work today. Sch ool life is one of the most important parts of our life. We spend at almost a quarter of our life in school. The ideas of studio school correspond to the character â€Å"learning† in the Chinese language. We are not only to study, but also to practice. As long as we combine study and practice, learning would be a fulfilling, exciting experience, and students wouldn’t have to dread school. — college student

Religion Conclusion Essay

In conclusion, after reading and observing all major religions of the world Oudaism, Christianity and Islam) are different in their concept of worshipping, fasting, festivals and tradition. I found one significant thing in all major religions that they believed in one God and accepts of God existence. No matter whom we are and belongs which religion but at end of the day we all standup on a single platform of one God. In Judaism, worship is only for God and God is everlasting with no concept of death and born. This is the same belief in Islam that Allah is eternal with no wife, and son, and nor son of others. In Christianity, God is one but in three different divine substance of Trinity. Jesus of Nazareth teaches that to perform the Lord’s Prayer by sacrificing our self toward God love and for all people. Jesus said that â€Å"Humble men are very fortunate! For the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them†. This part concludes that Jesus preached that serve our life for God and humanity for forgiveness their sins and offering a precious gift kingdom of a heaven. The Gospel of Matthew, page no: 82 – 20- 178). I also found similar names of prophet in major religions. Similar names but different in pronunciation. As Jesus in Christianity and Isa in Islam, Moses in Judaism and Musa in Islam, Jacob in Judaism and Yaqub in Islam. At last all the major religion prophets came into this world with a similar message and mission of one God worshiped and transfer God commands towards followers for their better success in both worlds. All prophets gave instructions for doing good deed to reach heaven and strictly restrict not to perform sin. Furthermore, all major religions festivals give the message of happiness in our life by obeying God commands in certain manners. I also observed that all religious festivals make you closer towards God and make you strong in belief of your religion. Being a follower ofa religion will make you a unique person in the society and not only make you a person but more over make you a better human. I believed that a true religion is that who gave a message of oneness, equality, peace and humanity. The best religion which makes you a better human than a religious person. The upreme religion which teach you to serve our life for human welfare, help and support them without any discrimination. The great religion which guide you to walk on straight path of deed and revoke you from doing sin, the perfect religion which tells you to feel others pain and more respectful and humble to your parents in a lovely manner. Moreover, the best religion which command you to help poor people and orphans by providing necessary facilities of daily life. The most interesting, important and valuable things that I learned from all major religions that offerings rayers regularly which give you peace of mind. Remembering God in our life will make our heart and soul pure of divine light, getting guidance through teachings of your health. Good character and thinking about equality in every aspect of life where the color and race does not matter in your life. The guidance by the word of God (Quran, Torah and Bible) and the teachings of prophet will lead us to live life in this world with great comfort and the best religion to follow and achieve success everywhere. The most valuable things in Islam are the respect for Women, family and chieving good behavior and character. I feel blessed following this religion and I am blessed to born and die in the same religion because the meaning of Islam is peace and the biggest earning in life to earn peace in life, which I got it from birth and I will die in peace following the same religion. In last words, all religion teaches us about to truthful talk and helps others without any unfairness. This will make a better society and all religions preach that to develop the world with humankind and moral education.

Role of women in Islam

Role of women in Islam A lot of assumptions and discussions surround the role of Muslim women. Sadly though, such assumptions and discussions have largely remained negative. The Muslim woman is perceived as oppressed by dictatorial fathers and husbands (Ahmed 18). Besides suffocating under the veil, Muslim women are also perceived to be forced into marriage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of women in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay is an attempt to examine the role of women in Islam.In addition, the essay shall also attempt to explore the kinds of variations from country to country regarding the role of women in Islam. Finally, the possibility of new developments to be expected regarding the issue at hand shall also be assessed. It is important to assess the role of women in Islam since the subject is riddled with a lot of misconceptions, especially by the non-Muslims. The Islamic religion has explicitly defined and outlined the role of women in Islam. Whereas the Islamic society relegates the role of a man to the public sphere, on the other hand, the role of a Muslim woman largely remains a private matter (Ahmed 32). Her primary responsibility is to be a dutiful wife to her husband, and also to ensure that her children are brought up in an upright manner. In Islam, women are regarded as a vital element of the family because they not only care for the children, but also because they ensure that the family remains united together. Islam encourages women to undertake all their duties with enthusiasm and devotion. The Quran holds women who take good care of their husbands’ property and young ones in high esteem (Baden 23). On the other hand, there are also other responsibilities of a Muslim woman beyond those of a wife and a mother. Islam allows women to take part in pilgrimage (Hajj). In addition, they are also allowed to engage in politics, exercise to vote, manage their own businesses, a nd also to partake in gainful employment (Baden 23). Nonetheless, a woman’s psychological and physiological make-up may hold her back from assuming leadership positions as head of state or in the army. There is also a lot of debate on the social and spiritual role of women in Islam. Furthermore, questions of family life, marriage, sexual morality, custody, divorce, as well as inheritance, still abounds. Notably, Muslim feminists have been instrumental in such debates (Baden 24). Reports indicate that the participation of Muslim women in the labor force is lower, in comparison with non-Muslim countries.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, there is little evidence to suggest that Muslim women have been discriminated against in as far as their contribution in the workplace is concerned. If anything, the strong Islamic traditions regards a woman as a mot her and wife first, and this could perhaps be an indication of their strong cultural orientation. However, there are exceptions to this rule. In Egypt for example, the modern service sector boasts of a large number of women among its workforce. This may be largely due to the socialist policies in the country that encouraged more women to take up job opportunities, along with their participation in higher education (Baden 26). In Sudan, there are a sizeable number of women taking part in the professional level jobs. However, the numbers decreased drastically following the military takeover in 1989. Consequently, thousands of women were dismissed from their posts as lawyers, doctors, nurses, and university lecturers. Bangladesh is also undergoing diversification in terms of employment opportunities available to women in the formal sectors (Baden 28). However, the issue of wage disparities between women and men still abounds. Even in the formal sector, Muslim men still dominate job pos itions. For example in Mali, there are very few job opportunities available for women. According to the Islamic law, men and women are equal with respect to responsibilities and rights. Men and women are both expected to fulfill certain roles but none of these diminishes the importance of women. An increasingly higher number of Muslim women are now as educated as their male counterparts, if not better. This, coupled with the spirited fight by feminists to champion the cause of Muslim women, we can expected to see more women assuming leadership roles both in the business world and in the political circles. Ahmed, Leila. Women and gender in Islam: historical roots of a modern debate. London: Yale University Press, 1992. Print. Baden, Sally. The position of women in Islamiccountries: possibilities, constraints and strategies for change. September 1992. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of women in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Plot Twist Essays

Plot Twist Essays Plot Twist Essay Plot Twist Essay Essay Topic: Fight Club Novel A plot twist is a change in the expected direction or outcome of the plot of a film, television series, video game, novel, comic or other fictional work. It is a common practice in narration used to keep the interest of an audience, usually surprising them with a revelation. Some twists are foreshadowed and can thus be predicted by many viewers/readers, whereas others are a complete shock. When a plot twist happens near the end of a story, especially if it changes ones view of the preceding events, it is known as a twist ending. Revealing the existence of a plot twist often spoils a movie, since the majority of the movie generally builds up to the plot twist. A device used to undermine the expectations of the audience is the false protagonist. It involves presenting a character at the start of the film as the main character, but then disposing of this character, usually killing them. It is a red herring. Example of a plot twist An early example of the murder mystery genre[1] with multiple twists[2] was the Arabian Nights tale The Three Apples. It begins with a fisherman discovering a locked chest. The first twist occurs when the chest is broken open and the dead body is found inside. The initial search for the murderer fails, and a twist occurs when two men appear, separately claiming to be the murderer. A complex chain of events finally reveal the murderer to be the investigators own slave. A flashing arrow is a metaphorical audiovisual cue used in films to bring some object or situation that will be referred later, or otherwise used in the advancement of plot, to the attention of the viewers. The device is not introduced into the plot or the dialogue, but is something peripheral; however made obvious (hence the name) by a particular camera shot or background music. An example of this device is a camera close-up in a horror movie that suggests information like danger from an unlocked door. A literal flashing arrow was used in the 1981 film Student Bodies to mock this cliched use. [1] The use of flashing arrows and that particular joke were both mentioned in Everything Bad is Good for You, where the authors says works that have little use of this and require figuring things out yourself have a more deductive viewer base. Another example of a literal flashing arrow can be seen in the Ouran High School Host Club. This device is used several times throughout the anime- for instance in the first episode, a flashing arrow and high-pitched beeping oise indicate a vase that a character breaks later on in that scene. Red herring is an idiomatic expression referring to the rhetorical or literary tactic of diverting attention away from an item of significance. [1] For example, in mystery fiction, where the identity of a criminal is being sought, an innocent party may be purposefully cast in a guilty light by the author through the employment of deceptive clues, false emphasis, lo aded words or other descriptive tricks of the trade. The readers suspicions are thus misdirected, allowing the true culprit to go (temporarily at least) undetected. A false protagonist is another example of a red herring. In the  comic book  fan community, the apparent death and subsequent return of a long-running character is often called a  comic book death. While death is a serious subject, a comic book death is generally not taken seriously and is rarely permanent or meaningful. At least three comic book deaths are well known. The first two are the 1980 death of  Jean Grey  in Marvels  Dark Phoenix Saga  and that ofSuperman  in  DCs highly-publicized 1993  Death of Superman  storyline. There is one major distinction between the two, however whereas it was never intended that Supermans death be permanent, and that he would return to life at the conclusion of the story,[3]  Jeans passing (one of many temporary deaths among the  X-Men) was written as the true and permanent death of the character,[citation needed]  only to beretconned  a few years later to facilitate her return. In more recent history, the death of  Captain America  made real-world headlines in early 2007[4]  when he met his apparent end, but Steve Rogers returned in  Captain America: Reborn  in late 2009. Usually more subtle, foreshadowing works on the symbolic level. For example, if a character must break up a schoolyard fight among some boys, it might symbolically foreshadow the family squabbles that will become the central conflict of the story. Other times, it is seemingly inconsequential, with the goal of having the audience be surprised by the storys climax and yet find it justified. If a character learns that a certain man was a regular at the diner where her mother worked many years before, it helps to justify the events later in which she learns that the man is her biological father. If foreshadowing is not done carefully, the common experiences of life can make the foreshadowing too obvious and allow the audience to predict the outcome of the story. Example: a character behaves in an odd and erratic fashion and complains continuously of a  headache, then later is diagnosed with a brain tumor. Foreshadowing can also be used dishonestly in a mystery, where a series of events which points to a conclusion is later found to be composed of unlikely coincidences which have been dishonestly added to the story by the author in an artificial way, with the sole purpose of drawing the audience into an incorrect expectation. In such cases, the audience feels manipulated, and the story may be less satisfying.

An Introduction to Combustion (Burning) Reactions

An Introduction to Combustion (Burning) Reactions A combustion reaction is a major class of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as burning. Combustion usually occurs when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. In the more general sense, combustion involves a reaction between any combustible material and an oxidizer to form an oxidized product. Combustion is an exothermic reaction, so it releases heat, but sometimes the reaction proceeds so slowly that a temperature change is not noticeable. Good signs that you are dealing with a combustion reaction include the presence of oxygen as a reactant and carbon dioxide, water, and heat as products. Inorganic combustion reactions might not form all of the products but are recognizable by the reaction of oxygen. Combustion doesnt always result in fire, but when it does, a flame is a characteristic indicator of the reaction. While the activation energy must be overcome to initiate combustion (i.e.:Â  using a lit match to light a fire), the heat from a flame may provide enough energy to make the reaction self-sustaining. General Form of a Combustion Reaction hydrocarbon oxygen → carbon dioxide water Examples of Combustion Reactions Here are several examples of balanced equations for combustion reactions. Its important to remember that combustion reactions are easy to recognize because the products always contain carbon dioxide and water. In these examples, oxygen gas is present as a reactant, but trickier examples of the reaction exist where the oxygen comes from another reactant. combustion of methaneCH4(g) 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) 2 H2O(g)burning of naphthaleneC10H8 12 O2 → 10 CO2 4 H2Ocombustion of ethane2 C2H6 7 O2 → 4 CO2 6 H2Ocombustion of butane (commonly found in lighters)2C4H10(g) 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) 10H2O(g)combustion of methanol (also known as wood alcohol)2CH3OH(g) 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) 4H2O(g)combustion of propane (used in gas grills and fireplaces)2C3H8(g) 7O2(g) → 6CO2(g) 8H2O(g) Complete Versus Incomplete Combustion Combustion, like all chemical reactions, does not always proceed with 100% efficiency. It is prone to limiting reactants the same as other processes. So, there are two types of combustion you are likely to encounter: Complete Combustion - Also called clean combustion, clean combustion is oxidation of a hydrocarbon that produces only carbon dioxide and water. An example of clean combustion is burning of candle wax, where the heat from the wick vaporizes wax (a hydrocarbon), which reacts with oxygen in the air to release carbon dioxide and water. Ideally, all the wax burns so nothing remains once the candle is consumed. The water vapor and carbon dioxide dissipate into air.Incomplete Combustion - Also called dirty combustion, incomplete combustion is hydrocarbon oxidation that produces carbon monoxide and/or carbon (soot) in addition to carbon dioxide. An example of incomplete combustion would be burning coal, where a lot of soot and carbon monoxide is released. Many of the fossil fuels burn incompletely, releasing waste products.

Analysis of Case JetBlue Airline's Success Story Essay

Analysis of Case JetBlue Airline's Success Story - Essay Example For one, all airlines were facing serious financial crunch with customers losing confidence in security arrangements on airlines and government urging airlines to invest more on the same. With additional costs being incurred on safety measures, prices per ticket went up and this ultimately led to fewer people choosing US airlines. The only way JetBlue could succeed was by discovering and developing a business model that would promote cost efficiency and effectiveness. Luring customers with lower prices is always easy but offering them quality service and making money at the same time are gargantuan tasks. The firm thus planned to use its resources efficiently by transferring costs from unproductive services to more productive once and hence creating value. Value led to volume and this led to lower fares and ultimate success. The few core areas that JetBlue targeted were cost, operations, technology, marketing and human resource. JetBlue knew that cutting costs is not always the best practice unless it is matched by higher quality as well. It is easier to cut costs and offer sloppy service but if a firm wants to succeed in the long run and create a good image in the mind of the passengers, it is important to reduce costs by investing in more productive services. The airlines refused to serve meals on any of its flights. This could have been a dangerous move since people expect meals on flights especially long ones. But JetBlue thought of an alternative. Instead of serving meals, it served chips, crackers and cookies along with canned drinks and coffee. This way, passengers had enough to eat while the firm was saving money. While an ordinary meal would cost $4 per customer, snacks were costing 12-14 cents per passenger. Besides, serving snacks also went well with the firm's image as a fun airline. The firm decided to offer core services at cheaper rates. This meant providing customers with services that they would really appreciate. Since people had already been complaining of airline food, it was about time that money was shifted to something better. JetBlue decided that a fraction of the money it saved on food could be easily transferred to such services as leather seats and personal television sets. In the end, the firm emerged a winner with its business model allowing more cost effectiveness and efficiency. The firm stands just a notch below SouthWest in terms of cost per passenger mile ($6.43 and $6.33 respectively) but stands far ahead of other airlines and industry average of $12.45 per passenger mile. Scanlon (2003) quotes USDTV CEO and writes: "We like what JetBlue has done, we like what Dell Computers has done and we like what Toyota has done," says CEO Lindsley, referring in particular to JetBlue's success at challenging its larger competitors by offering bare-bones service at cheaper prices. "These companies were able to gain a foothold in very maturing industries, even with incumbents that are well- heeled." The airline also uses A-320s instead of Boeing 737s since the former is more fuel-efficient. Operations: Interestingly JetBlue has no class distinctions on its flights. There is only one class, which means equal service to everyone, and no compromise on quality. Apart from that, it also allows the firm to use its human resources more efficiently since staff can be interchanged between flights. There were fewer scheduling issues to handle. Another operational choice and a wise one at that was

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example They also have expectations about values of the goods or services they choose (p. 8). Products and services of Pizza restaurant can be said to deliver values to customers when the company offers set of benefits being promised to satisfy customer needs and wants by differentiating their products, positioning brand equity, communicating value propositions and making consumers very loyal to the brand as well. These products and services will be able to provide Unique Selling Proposition when they possess unique qualities that differentiate them in a way that customers purchase rather than its rivals (Hindle, 2008, p. 197). Answer to Question- 2- Current Marketing Strategy Marketing mix comprises of basic marketing tools that a firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives, termed as four Ps of marketing as described by McCarthy (Kotler and Keller, 2006, p. 19). The Pizza Restaurant’s current marketing strategy is to expand segment positioning by including product, price, place and promotion elements. The unique characteristics of the products and services that it proposes to deliver will provide solution to customer needs (Product) for a reasonable and affordable prices (price) that they are ready to spend for the values. These products and services will be directly distributed (place) to them in the restaurant.

Raising Low HDL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Raising Low HDL - Essay Example The pathological picture in an atherosclerotic lesion suggests accumulation of LDL and its oxidation in the vascular subendothelial space, where monocytes from the circulation enter to initiate an inflammatory reaction that would lead eventually to atheroma formation. Research has also demonstrated that monocyte entry occurs at the sites of LDL peroxidation, suggesting that oxidation is the cause of monocytes entry. Research has also shown that HDL apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides have been shown to prevent LDL oxidation. Moreover, HDL apoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides have been shown to decrease atherosclerotic lesions and improve vascular reactivity in humans. Regarding its mechanism of action in producing beneficial effects against atherogenesis, studies have suggested that HDL enhances the reverse cholesterol transport. Over the top of it, apoA-I is also capable of scavenging the seeding molecules from LDL, thus preventing the LDL-derived phospholipid oxidation and the inflamm atory response out of the byproducts. Thus, clinical managements directed towards improving the HDL cholesterols in the body could result in a therapeutic option of prophylactic potential in persons who are prone to atherosclerosis due to lifestyle reasons of high cholesterol and high triglycerides (Navab, M et al., 2004). Consequently, there are many therapeutic options available to enhance the HDL in human beings, and they are Fibrates, Niacin, and recently Fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids. All of them are recommended; however, given the volume of evidence, it is very difficult to create a guideline for the patients. This work intends to critically review contemporary literature to compare the findings so a single agent can be chosen based on evidence in order to raise the HDL levels in blood. Fibrates: While statins are regarded as therapeutic cornerstones in dyslipidemia, they are ineffective because they have proven efficacy in reducing the plasma levels of LDL-C. However, they are incompetent is reducing the elevated concentrations of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, VLDL and VLDL remnants, and they have minimal actions in increasing the low levels of HDL-C that are protective. Fibrates have been observed to "reduce plasma levels of triglycerides by 30-50% and typically increase levels of HDL-C by 5-15%, depending on lipid phenotype and baseline concentration. Fibrates may also reduce LDL-C potentially by up to 15-20% although the effect is variable, depending on the underlying lipid abnormality and baseline lipid phenotype "(Chapman, MJ., 2006). This indicates individuals treated with Fibrates, levels of LDL would decrease when their plasma concentrations are elevated and HDL-C levels will increase when baseline plasma concentrations are low. Moreover, it efficiently r educes apoIII-C containing lipid particles which are acknowledged to be markers of increased risks for atherogenesis. The increased HDL levels following Fibrates are generally reflected by increased plasma levels of apoA-I and apoA-II. The Fibrates act via activation of a nuclear transcription factor PPAR in vascular tissues that actively metabolize lipids. This can be used for both primary prevention and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with demonstrably significant decrease in the rates of

Gay marriage in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gay marriage in China - Research Paper Example In China, very small achievements surrounding the issue of gay marriages have been realized. According to Fedorak, â€Å"in 1997, the law that outlawed sodomy was repealed, and in 2001, homosexuality was no longer classified as a mental illness† (90). The have been numerous attempts to have the marriage laws that only recognize straight marriages amended, but they have all been unsuccessful. This paper is an argumentative research essay that proposes that gay marriages should not be legalized in china. This is after a thorough look, discussion and reflection of both sides of the argument. The existence of homosexuals in China is a reality: Same sex relationships have existed in China for a very long time. According to Newton, â€Å"long-term same-sex loving relationships were common during certain periods of early Chinese history, with at least 10 emperors between the period 206 BCE and 1 CE known to have been involved in such relationships† (5). This however does not mean that homosexuality was accepted; it was rather fairly tolerated. Drescher and Lingiardi point out that â€Å"it was only after 1949 that homosexual behavior was seriously punished in China and served as grounds for persecution during Chinese political upheavals between the 1950s and 1970s† (117). From this, it is clear that the Chinese people have always accepted homosexuality and its existence, but not its legalization. All Chinese citizens have equal rights: The only reason the law should deny people their rights is in instances where the rights are against the law. The Chinese criminal law has no specific statement that describes the status of homosexuals or whether it is illegal or not. Only the following statement exists in the nation’s laws: â€Å"all hooliganism should be subjected to arrest and sentence† (West and Green 63). In this case hooliganism means any disruption of social order. Since homosexuality is greatly condemned in the Chinese society and viewed as

Why we should send a Manned Mission to Mars Essay

Why we should send a Manned Mission to Mars - Essay Example The researcher states that President Barack Obama has told NASA scientists to broaden their horizons and look to send humans to Mars. He thinks that a likely time scale for this is the mid-2030s. The President is looking to decrease missions to Mars in the hope of reaching a planet that could prove vital for our future. The focus is now on exploring new planets and not revisiting the same places that we as humans have already conquered. I concur with this assessment because it has now been over 40 years since the first moon landing was achieved but nothing has really happened since. The 1960s was a great decade for space travel but this has never really been built upon. Manned missions to Mars can recreate the achievements of that decade and even surpass them. However, if manned missions are to be achieved, then there will be many environmental, political, and ethical challenges to face first. If astronauts were able to make it to Mars, then they would need supplies from Earth every once and awhile in order to sustain themselves. The reason why I think that it makes sense that humans next try to conquer Mars is that Mars have plenty of water to maintain life. Even though Mars would have a sufficient quantity of water, it would still be difficult to live there. The temperatures can fall below freezing in some places, and the atmosphere is typically made up of carbon dioxide, which means that extra oxygen would need to be supplied.

Gay marriage in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gay marriage in China - Research Paper Example In China, very small achievements surrounding the issue of gay marriages have been realized. According to Fedorak, â€Å"in 1997, the law that outlawed sodomy was repealed, and in 2001, homosexuality was no longer classified as a mental illness† (90). The have been numerous attempts to have the marriage laws that only recognize straight marriages amended, but they have all been unsuccessful. This paper is an argumentative research essay that proposes that gay marriages should not be legalized in china. This is after a thorough look, discussion and reflection of both sides of the argument. The existence of homosexuals in China is a reality: Same sex relationships have existed in China for a very long time. According to Newton, â€Å"long-term same-sex loving relationships were common during certain periods of early Chinese history, with at least 10 emperors between the period 206 BCE and 1 CE known to have been involved in such relationships† (5). This however does not mean that homosexuality was accepted; it was rather fairly tolerated. Drescher and Lingiardi point out that â€Å"it was only after 1949 that homosexual behavior was seriously punished in China and served as grounds for persecution during Chinese political upheavals between the 1950s and 1970s† (117). From this, it is clear that the Chinese people have always accepted homosexuality and its existence, but not its legalization. All Chinese citizens have equal rights: The only reason the law should deny people their rights is in instances where the rights are against the law. The Chinese criminal law has no specific statement that describes the status of homosexuals or whether it is illegal or not. Only the following statement exists in the nation’s laws: â€Å"all hooliganism should be subjected to arrest and sentence† (West and Green 63). In this case hooliganism means any disruption of social order. Since homosexuality is greatly condemned in the Chinese society and viewed as

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Plan - Essay Example Whether you want to start a small consulting business or start selling accessories, you need money to get the business started and operate it until the business is profitable (Attard, ). Finding the money to start your business may be a bit difficult; however, there are ways for you to obtain the cash you need. One way to obtain the cash you need to start your business is to get a part-time job. Savings from working a part time job can add up and in some cases, also many business owners start out by sharing their business time with a part time job. In order to save on money, you can start your business from home. In fact, most successful business owners started out from their home. Later on when the business begin to pick up you may find a suitable location. To save money to start your business you may have to live frugally at times. Living frugally does not mean that you have to starve yourself. It means that you do not have to buy everything you see just for buying sake. In order t o save effectively, you need to buy the necessary things. Another way to save to start your business is by applying for use of a credit card. A credit card is a loan given by a financial institution. The owner of a credit card has in his or her possession whatever amount the financial institution allows them to use with the expectation that they repay back the amount. Banks and other financial institutions often help new entrepreneurs to start their business by giving them business loans to do so. However, most financial institutions require that their customers have enough security to cover for the loan. If you are unable to find the necessary security that is required, you may seek the help of friends or family members to co-sign for you. By co-signing for you friends or family members will use their own assets to secure a loan on your behalf. Most ways persons get capital to start their small business is by borrowing from friends and family members. Unlike financial institutions, when you borrow from friends or family members you may not need to pay them back with interest. Money left as inheritance is another way by which many persons get capital to start their small business. When a person starts a small business through the means of inherited money, he or she does not have anyone to pay back and so the stress of saving for repayment purposes is out of the way. Another way of obtaining capital to start your small business is by using your insurance policy to do so. Life insurance polices that has cash value can be cashed in at any time and this cash used to start your business. If you own stocks and bonds, you can easily turn them into cash and use this money to start your business. In fact, sacrificing your stocks and bonds for your business may prove more profitable for you in the end. After you have your capital taken care of, the first step is to write a business plan. Why must you write a business plan? The reason being is that it is best to have a p lan to follow. Without a business plan to follow, your business may be doom for failure. A business plan should have an executive summary, a description of the business, a plan for how you will market and manage your business, financial projections and the necessary business support documents. In the body of your business plan must consist of a description of the type of business that you are desirous of starting. A marketing plan by which to follow closely is very essential for the success of your

What Christians believe about life is up to them Essay Example for Free

What Christians believe about life is up to them Essay AO3: What Christians believe about life is up to them. They should not try to make others accept their position Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer, showing that you have given more than one point of view. Refer to Christianity in your answer One can understand why one might agree, because of free will. We are allowed to make our own rational choices, the story of Adam and Eve illustrates this belief. However, those choices have to be made wisely and they may not only affect the individual but also affect others and society (Abortion and Euthanasia). God have given us many teachings about life, in the bible and he has told us that every person is an individual and is unique therefore giving us all the right to make our own interpretations about life. Nevertheless, he also tells us that we must spread the word of God, this means the beliefs and the teaching of the gospels about the sanctity of life, and you shall not kill so what Christians belief about life is not up to them In the ten commandment they set down a set of rules and in these rules there is a rule which states that one shall not kill this means that people must belief that life is special (no matter what someone may individually think) and must be protected at all costs, like the Catechist teaching. However, the Quakers have no such rules and believe that each person has their own unique situation and that they will be guided by the Holy Spirit, to make the right decision. So that they can make their own decisions about life. A general belief by many Christians is that one should show care and compassion for all non-Christians, even those who are weak in society, unborn or dying. However, one cannot force this view on anyone because the Sanhedrin in the New Testament tried to force their beliefs on Jesus, and he rejected the legalistic approach of the Pharisees and Scribes. But, Jesus challenged these approaches and then was murdered by crucifixion by the Sanhedrin and the Romans. He disputed the authority and was murdered and so we should dispute the authority of the Pope and his archbishops and bishops. They must not make an ill-advised decision on life. Beliefs about life and death affect God, temple of the holy spirit and image and likeness of God. Even though some may argue that beliefs are personal, God is living in us and so he must have a say in the decision. Our society is not longer exclusively Christian and so we cannot make others subscribe to Christian beliefs. This is may seem a very even case but I am certain that people must be able to make their own decisions and not be told what to do. I disagree with this statement and believe that the public in general must also disagree. This is why dictatorship was not at all popular and democracy is. Martin Luther King was man who made his own decisions about life. He believed that all people we equal, and so he made a decision and changed the way we humans live for eternity. Although, the bible may seem out of date with the current times and so we must make decisions based on the modern understanding of what is being written.

Obesity in Developing Countries

Obesity in Developing Countries Overweight and Obesity: The emerging Trend of Childhood Malnutrition in Urban Centre in Nigeria Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity initially thought to be the problem of the developed countries is rapidly rising in the developing countries constituting a high proportion of nutritional problem in these countries. Several factors, including changing life style and improved economic power are believed to contribute to this trend. This pattern if unchecked is known to lead to several medical complications and hence the need to assess the burden of this condition, factors contributing to the rise and possible ways of reversing the trend. Method: Four hundred and twenty primary school children from public and private schools were selected using multistage stratified random sampling. Relevant information were obtained using a questionnaire, and anthropometric indices were recorded. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 16, and frequencies were compared using Chi square. Result: Seventy three (17.4%) of the pupils were found to be overweight/obese. Pupils from private school accounted for majority of these cases with 28 (13.3%) and 29 (13.8%) of them being overweight and obese respectively. High socioeconomic class and consumption of energy dense diet were significantly associated with high prevalence of overweight/obesity (P Conclusion and Recommendation: Prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school pupils is quite high in Lagos, Nigeria. High socioeconomic class, consumption of energy dense food and lack of adequate physical activities appear to be major factors contributing to this high prevalence. Introduction of daily school meal and mandatory physical activity in all the schools would go a long way in imbibing healthy eating and life style pattern into these children. Public enlightenment and campaign on the importance of healthy life style and complications associated with overweight and obesity would probably reverse the trend. Key Words: Overweight, Obesity, Primary School Pupils Introduction Malnutrition is a serious public health problem that is caused by either deficient or excess intake of nutrients in relation to requirements. Under nutrition (Nutrient deficiency) has been the prevalent type of malnutrition in developing countries like Nigeria.1-3 This has been attributed to the synergistic interaction between several factors, most importantly, inadequate nutrient intake and infection.4-6 This is not the case with developed countries like the United States of America (USA), where over-nutrition is a major challenge amongst the school aged children. Studies done in the USA on the overweight status and eating patterns among adolescents showed that the prevalence of over-nutrition was higher amongst those from a low socio-economic class.7-9 Recently, overweight thought to be the problem of the developed world is spreading to the developing world.10 Several studies in Africa and other developing countries have documented an emerging trend of malnutrition with overweight and obesity increasing at an alarming rate in comparison to under nutrition.10-12 However, in these developing countries, contrary to the finding in USA, overweight and obesity appear to be commoner among the high socioeconomic class.13-15 The effect of urbanization and the associated change in life style have been shown to contribute immensely to the current trend of malnutrition in the developing countries.16,17 However, children of low socioeconomic status from such urban centres remain significantly associated with under nutrition rather than over nutrition.18 This further underscores the central role of socioeconomic status in malnutrition. The increasing rate of overweight/obesity means that obesity-related chronic diseases are likely to become common among the children. Being overweight is known to significantly increase the risk of asthma, Type 2 diabetes, gallstone, heart disease, high blood pressure and several other diseases.19 This will further impose a great challenge to the already over stretched health care system in the developing countries. We thus aim to assess and compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity among primary school pupils attending public and private schools, in Ikeja Local Government area of Lagos and to identify common factors associated with overweight. The information generated would be useful in guiding the concerned authorities in designing appropriate interventions in the various schools. Materials and Methods Study area: The study was carried out in public and private primary schools in Ikeja Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State Nigeria. Ikeja is the capital city of Lagos state, the most populated and urbanized state in Nigeria with over 10million residents.20There are 114 registered private primary schools and 32 public primary schools in Ikeja Local Government Area. Study design: It is a field-based cross-sectional descriptive study Study Population: This consists of pupils in public and private primary schools in Ikeja LGA. Sample Size determination: Calculated minimum sample size for each group of school is 200 pupils. Sampling method: Multistage stratified random sampling was used. Based on the numbers of schools, three Private and two public primary schools were selected. Participants were selected randomly using the class register as a template in each of the classes of the schools selected. Exclusion criteria: children whose parents denied consent, children with obvious skeletal deformity and those with known chronic medical conditions like Chronic renal failure, heart disease etc. Ethical consideration: Ethical clearance was sought and obtained from the Ikeja LGA Education Authority. The head teachers of the selected schools also gave well informed expressive approval after receiving appropriate information. All the selected pupils were given consent form and introductory note to the study to their parents for their signature or thumb print. There was no consequence for the pupil if he or she refused to participate or parents denied assess. Data obtained were treated with confidentiality and only for the purpose of this research. Study procedure: A structured questionnaire was used in collection of relevant information required to meet the objective of the study. All the participating pupils were interviewed at school, while the section to be completed by the parents were sent through their wards and were returned the following day. Information obtained included socio-demographic data like: age, gender, parents’ occupation, average monthly income and educational attainment. Information on dietary intake include type of diet, frequency and 24 hours dietary recall. Involvement in exercise and physical activity were also sought. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the model by Ogunlesi et al 21, while the dietary pattern of the child was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Weight was measure using a bathroom weighing scale with sensitivity of 0.5KG while height was measure using a stadiometer. Nutritional status was determined using the Z- score system in accordance with National Centre for Health Statistics/ World Health Organization (WHO) reference value.22 Data analysis: The data obtained were entered into and analysed using EPI INFO version 3.5.1. Tables were used in data presentation. Chi square and Fisher’s Exact test were used in comparing frequencies. RESULTS A total of 420 children were studied, 210 pupils from each group. The children from the private schools were younger with a mean age of 7.7Â ±1.9 years as against 10.3Â ±2.6 years for those in public school (t=11.58, p=2=305.34, p= The dietary pattern among the two study groups were significantly different; 90 (42.9%) pupils from the private school consumed beef daily as against 49(23.3) from the public schools. Similarly, approximately half 103(49.1) of the pupils from the private school eat white bread daily as against 45 (21.4%) from the public schools. Seventy five (35.7%) and 29 (13.8%) eats eggs while 44(21.0) and 11(5.2%) eat fried plantain and yam for public and private schools respectively. Again 25 (11.9%) and 13(6.2%) from private and public schools consume at least a can of coke/Fanta daily. These differences were all statistically significant P= Regarding extracurricular activity, the pupils in public schools engaged more in physical activity compared to those in private schools. One hundred and thirteen (53.9%) pupils from the public schools trek daily for a distance of at least one kilometre as against 8 (3.8%) pupils from the private schools. Similarly, 77(36.7%) pupils from the public schools engage in competitive sports daily as against 33(15.7%) from the private. The difference between the two groups regarding physical activity was statistically significant P= Table II shows the distribution of the study population by BMI percentile. The nutritional status varied significantly between the pupils from the public and private school. While under-nutrition was the predominant form of malnutrition in the public schools 33(15.7%), overweight and obesity predominated in the private schools 57(27.1%). Table III below show the effect of various studied variable on BMI percentile. The highest frequency of overweight was observed among those aged 5-6years while the least frequency was among those aged 11 and above. This pattern was statistically significant (X2=21.90, p= 0.01). Although more female pupils when compared to male pupils, were found to be overweight, but this was not statistically significant. More than half (50.9%) of the pupils of low socioeconomic class were undernourished while majority of overweight children (76.7%) were of high socioeconomic class. This pattern was statistically significant (X2=150.0, p= Discussion The overall prevalence of 17.4% for overweight and obesity in this study is quite alarming though similar to the findings from previous studies.6, 12, 23 Owa et al12 reporting from Nigeria in 1997 found a prevalence of 18% for obesity among children aged 5-15 years using fat mass percentage and body mass index based on the US standard. Similarly, Mogre et al23 reported a prevalence of 17.4% for overweight and obesity from Ghana in 2013 among school aged children (5-14 years). This finding from this study and the others above further support the rising trend of overweight and obesity among children in developing countries and that the burden of the problem might not be different from that in the developed countries.24 However, other studies have found much lower prevalence for overweight/obesity. Adegoke et al 14 in 2009 reported a prevalence of 3.1% for overweight/obesity from Ile-Ife South West Nigeria using anthropometry, while Alkali et al 15 in 2015 reported a prevalence of 6.5% from Gombe in North East Nigeria. These lower prevalence reported by Adegoke et al(14) and Alkali et al15 may be due to the difference in socioeconomic status between the study-populations, while greater than 86% of our study population were either of middle or upper socioeconomic class, 48.2% of those studied by Adegoke et al14 were of low socioeconomic class with only 19.6% belonging to the upper class. Although Alkali et al15 didn’t give socioeconomic distribution of their study population but Gombe located in the North East of Nigeria is a small town with small scale businesses and subsistence farming as major occupation compared to Lagos which is the most industrialized City in Nigeria. Furthermore, we studied children in primary schools alone but Adegoke et al14 as well as Alkali et al15 studied both primary and secondary school children. It has been severally documented that prevalence of overweight/obesity decreases in children with advancing age.25,26 In contrast to the developed countries where overweight/obesity is commoner among the low socioeconomic class7-9, majority 56 (76.7%) of these overweight children in this study were of high socioeconomic class. This pattern is similar to findings from other studies from other developing countries13-15,27. This fact was further confirmed by the significantly higher incidence of overweight/obesity among pupils from Private schools compared to those from public schools. In Nigeria, Privates schools particularly in the urban centres charge exorbitant fees affordable only to the rich while public schools are usually free and attended by the low socioeconomic class. In this study, 83.8% of the pupil in public schools were of high socioeconomic class as against 1.9% of those in public schools. Several factors could be responsible for this increasing pattern of overweight/obesity among the affluent class in the developing countries. In the first place, the parents of these children are likely of the working class with little or no time to plan and prepare healthy food for them.28 It is also known that such parents in an effort to compensate for the deficient care constantly provide junk food and snacks for these children.29 Nutritional habit and pattern have been shown to influence the nutritional status of the society.30 These are further driven by aggressive advertising practises, relatively low cost of energy dense food and improved purchasing power which are now most prevalent in developing countries and conducive for the development of overweight and obesity and subsequently the associated morbidities.31 This is in agreement with the finding in this study from Lagos, the most urbanized State in Nigeria, in which Children from the private schools and of high socioeconom ic status significantly consumed food of high energy density such as soft drink, egg, white bread, etc when compared to those from the public and low socioeconomic status. Sedentary life style has been well documented as a cause of overweight and obesity29,32,33 in children. Pupils from the private schools were significantly less involved in physical activities when compared to those from the public schools but engaged more in indoor activities like television viewing and computer games. Similar to previous studies, this practise was significantly associated with overweight and obesity. The low level of physical activity among those in private schools could be due to several reasons. Most of these children are usually driven in car to school by their parents or use the school bus. This is in contrast to the public school which lack school bus and majority, 53.9%, of the pupils trek to school daily. Secondly, while most public schools are usually sited in a planned location with enough space for sporting activity the same cannot be said of the private schools which do not have enough space for outdoor activities with only 15.7% of the pupils engaged in competitive sports. Pressure on the pupils from affluent society for good academic performance including regular extra lessons at home after school hours could also contribute to lack of outdoor activities at home. In this study, overweight and obesity were higher among the younger age groups compared to the older pupils with the highest frequency of 18.2% among those aged 5-6years. Similar pattern of decreasing incidence with advancing age among children less than 13 years was also observed in a study from India25 and Saudi Arabia26. However, other studies have found a contrary pattern: increasing incidence with advancing age34. The reason for this variability in finding is not clear. Females had slightly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity when compared to the male, though this difference was not significant. This is similar to the finding of Mohana et al 35 from India. The effect of gender on overweight and obesity in children remains inconclusive, while several studies have found significantly higher prevalence among the female gender 34,36-38 others have reported significantly higher prevalence among the males.39-41 The reason for this variability is not clear but studies with higher female prevalence have suggested cultural factors as a possible explanation as female children in certain society mostly engage in indoor activities. Conclusion and Recommendations The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children living in urban centres in developing countries like Nigeria is quite high and is comparable to that in the developed country. This problem is mainly a problem of children from high socioeconomic status. Dietary pattern and sedentary life style are important factors contributing to the high prevalence among these group of children. In contrast, under-nutrition has remain a major problem among the low socioeconomic status. We recommend introduction of school meal program in both the public and private school to augment calorie intake among the public school children and modulate same for those in private schools. Provision of sporting facilities must be made mandatory requirement for registering of private school and if already a requirement must be enforced on new and existing private schools. Finally, public enlightenment on the medical implications of overweight/obesity in children should be aggressively pursued by the relevan t agencies before the complications begin to set in. Conflict of Interest The authors had no conflict of interest whatsoever to declare

Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Lord of the Flies Man must have rules in order to control his savage side. William Golding brings out this theme in the novel Lord of the Flies. When you first read Lord of the Flies you may think it is merely a simple adventure story of boys on a deserted island. But if you take a deeper look into it and consider the statement above you will see that this book is also an attempt to trace the defects of civilization back to the defects of human nature. There are many characters in the story that help prove how man must have rules in order to control his savage side. Ralph is the chief and he represents civilization and its parliaments. Piggy is Ralph’s brain trust and an intellectual. Both Ralph and Piggy represent the struggle for order and democracy. Jack is the spark of wildness that burns hot and close to the surface, which later conflicts with Ralph. From the very beginning Jack seems to harbor emotions of anger and savagery. Simon has them most positive outlook out of all of the characters and is a â€Å"Christ figure.† He is good and pure and insists that they will be rescued. Roger represents pure evil and wrongness. He gets pleasure in torturing pigs and was the first one to intentionally kill another boy when he smashed Piggy with a boulder. Sam and Eric are the twins that do everything together. They represent unity and reliance. Later in the story they reveal Ralph’s hiding place to Jack because the loss of civilization led them to lose any real sense of loyalty to others. These characters assist in showing how the theme is brought out. There are also many symbols in the novel. The conch represents rules, civilization, democracy and order. Piggy’s glasses represent clear-sightedness and intelligence. The state of the glasses represents the status of social order. When they break it marks the progressive decay of rational influence. The island represents the world. The â€Å"scar† represents man’s destruction. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and the great danger or evil. The killing of the sow and the hunting of pigs are accomplished in terms of sexual intercourse. The beast that the â€Å"littleuns† are afraid of is created by the emotions that all of the boys on the island are experiencing. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone and the dark side of human nature. Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer Lord of the Flies Man must have rules in order to control his savage side. William Golding brings out this theme in the novel Lord of the Flies. When you first read Lord of the Flies you may think it is merely a simple adventure story of boys on a deserted island. But if you take a deeper look into it and consider the statement above you will see that this book is also an attempt to trace the defects of civilization back to the defects of human nature. There are many characters in the story that help prove how man must have rules in order to control his savage side. Ralph is the chief and he represents civilization and its parliaments. Piggy is Ralph’s brain trust and an intellectual. Both Ralph and Piggy represent the struggle for order and democracy. Jack is the spark of wildness that burns hot and close to the surface, which later conflicts with Ralph. From the very beginning Jack seems to harbor emotions of anger and savagery. Simon has them most positive outlook out of all of the characters and is a â€Å"Christ figure.† He is good and pure and insists that they will be rescued. Roger represents pure evil and wrongness. He gets pleasure in torturing pigs and was the first one to intentionally kill another boy when he smashed Piggy with a boulder. Sam and Eric are the twins that do everything together. They represent unity and reliance. Later in the story they reveal Ralph’s hiding place to Jack because the loss of civilization led them to lose any real sense of loyalty to others. These characters assist in showing how the theme is brought out. There are also many symbols in the novel. The conch represents rules, civilization, democracy and order. Piggy’s glasses represent clear-sightedness and intelligence. The state of the glasses represents the status of social order. When they break it marks the progressive decay of rational influence. The island represents the world. The â€Å"scar† represents man’s destruction. The Lord of the Flies represents the Devil and the great danger or evil. The killing of the sow and the hunting of pigs are accomplished in terms of sexual intercourse. The beast that the â€Å"littleuns† are afraid of is created by the emotions that all of the boys on the island are experiencing. The beast represents the evil residing within everyone and the dark side of human nature.

Questions for Exam 3

1) social control theory is traced to the 18 th century work of which theorist? 2)social control theorist ask which theoretical question? 3) beccaria's social control theory argues individuals are? 4) Ivan Nye introduced which ideal to social control theories? 5) according to Nye ___refers to rules and Norms that are instilled in conscience as children 6) social control theories argue deviance is a caused by? ) things to keep students busy after school exhibit which of the four components to Hirschi's social bond theory 8)Hirschi's argument that juveniles who enter adulthood too soon, are more likely to become deviant which form of social bond does this support? 9) when deviance is perceived to not cause injury or harm to anyone it is which technique of neutralization? 10) which theorist introduced techniques of neutralization to social control theories? 11)techniques if neutralization are used in order to? 2)according to Sykes techniques if neutralization Robin Hoods behavior of ste aling from the rich to give to the poor is justified and neutralized through which technique? 13) which if the following are not examples of victimless deviance include? 14) which additions to social control theories would examine the different levels of control placed on boys and girls in particular households as affecting deviance? 15) according to the power control theory ___ constitutes the primary agents of socialization in the family 16) which theory is designed to predict all behaviors beyond criminal and or delinquent? 7)the general theory of crime argues what about self control and stability? 18) which theorist explains the stages and trajectories of deviance of life course theories 19) which of the following is not a component of life course theory in theorizing a lesser likely hood of deviance? 20) life course theories examine and primarily focus on the social bonds between? 21) which of the following are labels found in high schools 22) which theoretical orientation exam ines the social meaning of deviance through labels and how people are understood and defined through such stereotypes 23) symbolic interactionism is a ___level perspective 4) what is key in defining deviance? 25) according to labeling theorists which of the following statements are true? 26) _____is a status imposed on an individual or a group which may or may not be related to actual rule breaking 27) labeling theorists ask which of the following questions 28) which labeling theorist examined police contact and juvenile delinquency, in which he argued the contact may over dramatize relatively common acts of deviance? 9) _____ deviance is when common violations of the norms occur and the identity of a deviant is not developed 30) ____ deviance is when deviant behavior occurs as a means of defense, attack or adjustment by a label and reactions to labels already developed 31) which labeling theorist introduced primary and secondary deviance to this orientation 32) a ____ status refers to the status that shapes perception and behavior of those around you and is considered the most important status 33) which of the following ways does labeling lead to secondary deviance? 4) which type of deviant act is considered residual rule breaking? 35) residual rule breaking is a form of what type of deviance? 36) which of the following are major findings in the roughnecks and saints study? 37) which of the following theorists introduced the ideas of intergravity shame and stigmatization effects of labeling in his piece crime, shame and reintegration? 38) ___ is when an individual is viewed as a good person but they have just committed a bad deed. 9)which theorist found mental illness stigmas or consequential and negatively affect those with a mental illness life 40) labeling theorists would argue that which of the following policy implications 41) ____ theories would study cooperation's and the human suffering corporate action and power struggle cause to society 42) which th eoretical orientation examines the social construction of deviance by deconstructing conflicting groups and discourse of attitudes, legal rights, implications of change etc.? 43) conflict and Marxist theories are _____ perspectives 4) what type of economic system are Marxist and conflict theorist critical of 45) according to conflict theorists which of the following statements is true? 46) ____ theorists argue revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system 47) _____ theorists argue reform rather than revolutionary overthrow 48) which Marxist theorist wrote communist manifesto? 49) __ and ___ theories recognize conflicts exist especially in capitalist societies and it arises from power 50) which Marxist theory argued capitalist conflict is divisonary meaning it is designed to keep workers focused on issues promoting division competition and is vs. them mentalies

Compare and contrast identified similarities Essay

1)Compare and contrast identified similarities as well as differences in expected assessment across the childhood age groups. As a child moves from being a toddler through preschool to school-aged, they are faced with many challenges to overcome. Development growth, which is subject to the child’s environment and sphere of influential people and pressures in their lives, is directly shaped and guided by their family’s culture, religion and value/belief system. The differences are seen in how each developmental phase interacts and responds within each health assessment pattern. The toddler and preschool child need more structure and routine, whether it’s brushing their teeth, eating or bedtime rituals. School-aged children take the values and learned behaviors of being a toddler and build upon them as they move toward building their own self-concept and sense of identity. There are similarities as the children strive for autonomy and the ability to express themselves verbally. As the child continues to learn, they will develop an understanding of good behaviors and bad behaviors. Summarize how a nurse would handle physical assessments, examinations, education, and communication differently with children versus adults. Consider spirituality and cultural differences in your answer. When the nurse is caring for a child, the nurse must remember that they are essentially caring for two patients, the child and the parent (Jarvis, 2012). For a nurse, the assessment, examination and interaction with a child patient offer its own set of challenges and require a different approach from that of an adult. When dealing the toddler and preschooler, the nurse should interact with the caregiver, giving the child the opportunity to see the nurse’s interaction with their caregiver. This allows the child to see that the caregiver has accepted and trusts the nurse. For the toddler and the preschooler, the parent will be providing most, if not all of the health history. With the pre-school-aged population, they may be the sole source of important data to the history (Jarvis, 2012). The nurse should interview the child and caregiver together, and they should be present at all exams. With children of each stage of development, the nurse must be cognizant of verbal and non-verbal cues provided by the child. The nurse should be mindful that there could be cultural and/or spiritual considerations to take into account, like when undressing a child of the opposite sex. The nurse needs to ensure that the caregiver and the child feel comfortable with and during the interview, assessment, examination and educational/patient teaching phases of the visit. Strategies that the nurse might incorporate include awareness of the various developmental stages that children go through. When performing a physical assessment of a child the nurse should be at eye level. When talking to the child and explaining concepts the nurse should use simple language that they child can understand. The nurse should allow the child to hold instruments, like a stethoscope, during the physical exam to help them feel like they are involved in their own care. Sharing reading materials or media to look at can help divert their attention away from the nurse.

Achievements of Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in the 18th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the sati-prRaja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in the 18th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the sati-pratha-a practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on the funeral pyre of her husband-was the prominent. His efforts were also instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage. In 1828, Ram Mohan Roy formed the Brahmo Samaj, a group of people, who had no faith in idol-worship and were against the caste restrictions. The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to him by Mughal emperor Akbar, the second in 1831 when Roy visited England as an ambassador of the King to ensure that Bentick’s regulation of banning the practice of Sati was not overturned. atha-a practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on the funeral pyre of her husband-was the prominent. His efforts were also instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage. In 1828, Ram Mohan Roy formed the Brahmo Samaj, a group of people, who had no faith in idol-worship and were against the caste restrictions. The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to him by Mughal emperor Akbar, the second in 1831 when Roy visited England as an ambassador of the King to ensure that Bentick’s regulation of banning the practice of Sati was not overturned.

Statistics Minitab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistics Minitab - Assignment Example Then analyse the variability in the designed experiment. Then the results would be interpreted. The paired-t test has been selected because we needed to test whether the two samples had difference means and if these differences were significant. We therefore needed to pair these two samples and test the differences at 95% confidence level. As can be seen, p > .05 therefore the differences are not significant. The chi-square analysis was run for the categorical values as were in the table. The chi-square tested the hypothesis that there is no association between caffeine consumption (column factors) and marital status (raw factors). The results show that the chi-square statistic was 51.656. The p value is < .001 which suggests that we reject the null hypothesis of no association between marital status and caffeine consumption in favour of the alternative that there is indeed an association between them. Thus, marital status affects caffeine consumption. The reason for this association could be attributed to the fact that we had more married participants in the sample and hence the results may be biased towards the same. As can be seen, there were 3029 married participants out of the 3888 participants in total. I recommend that to improve results, same number of samples should be selected from the marital status categories for the

General George S. Patton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

General George S. Patton - Essay Example As a way of expressing his feelings and thoughts he was also writing poems. General to be George Patton was born in 1885 in San Gabriel California to the wealthy family of an attorney. His parents, being well educated themselves, were also giving good education to their son from an early age, main subjects being classic literature and history. The other subject his father grounded him in was the Bible, which Georgie, as he was known later throughout his life, knew mostly by heart. Christianity became a guiding light in his life, along with his passion for battles and war. Though he had an early start with the education and was very intelligent, he did not know how to read or write until the age of 11. It seems Patton suffered from dyslexia, which could not be diagnosed at that time. It manifested itself in George’s inability to spell properly, and his problems in mathematics. George Patton Jr. attended Virginia Military Institute just like his father and a grandfather. He had a blood of a military officer running through his veins. His grandfather was a colonel in the Confederacy in the War Between the States, and was killed in one of the battles; many of George’s uncles were also participating in the war. After the war has ended, many war heroes were visiting Patton’s house and George was listening to stories told by the battle veterans themselves. Patton’s father also told his son many stories about the war and battle heroes; he took his son to visit battlefields of Civil War. All this had such a great influence on George Jr. that at the age of 10 he set a goal of becoming a hero and a famous general. He was very determined to reach this goal, and spent most of his childhood in studying what he thought a general needs to know. Entering Virginia Military Institute was a next step toward his dream. His problems in mathematics continued so much so that he had to have a permission to repeat the first year. However, his learning disabil ities did not hinder him from graduating successfully. Being good at sports also helped him in obtaining his diploma. His sport achievements were so great that Patton represented the United States in the Olympics of 1912 in Stockholm. He placed 5th out of 46 in the first modern Pentathlon. Patton really liked physical competitions, and believed in the fair play. Also, when in army, he was initiating forming teams for different sports such as football and polo. While at Cavalry School in France, he also learned how to fence. While still a student, he designed and taught a course in swordsmanship. Later he received orders to return to Kansas, and continued teaching fencing. The title of â€Å"Master of Sword† that he received was his rightfully. During all these years Patton never engaged in the real battle. Pursuing his dream of becoming a hero, Patton asked General John J. Pershing to accompany him in the Mexico Border campaign, in 1915. During this time Patton got recognitio n from the general and notoriety back in United States. This campaign became the first real war combat Patton had engaged in. When the WWI began, Patton was accompanying General Pershing, the commander of Headquarters Troop, in his trip to France. Patton was promoted to Captain, then, temporarily, to the Major. He was given a command of the Army Tank Corps – a novelty in the Army at that time. The Battle of Cambria was the first battle where large number of tanks was used. Patton attended this battle only as an observer, but, after what he had witnessed, he was convinced

How did the French support the Colonies during the American Revolution Research Paper

How did the French support the Colonies during the American Revolution - Research Paper Example The colonists probably would not have won the war without the aid of the country of France, who provided valuable support for the colonies. Fighting together against Great Britain, whom France considered a common enemy between the two countries, support was provided for the colonies at first only diplomatically. As the war progressed and the odds of winning shifted to favor the colonists, France provided direct aid in the form of officers, soldiers, and weapons to aid in battle, in addition providing ships and naval forces to help with battles at sea. The Founding Fathers of the nation considered an alliance with France largely because of the fact that they too disliked Great Britain, and with good reason. Wars were not unusual between the two countries, the most recent at that time being the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War (Brinkley 96). At its conclusion, the French lost valuable territories to Great Britain in the land of what is now America, cementing a d islike that would not easily be forgotten (Brinkley 97). The Founding Fathers decided to use this dislike to their advantage, and approached France to form an alliance. French Assistance to the Colonies At first, while France provided aid, it was only by indirect means, with no overt assistance. From letters written by Benjamin Franklin in 1775, the French already had knowledge of the widening crisis between Great Britain and America, and were certainly not keen to support Great Britain (United States Office of the Historian). Through a delegation appointed to France in 1776 consisting of Silas Deane as well as Benjamin Franklin, King Louis XVI was persuaded through position papers of his advisors to give aid to the colonists (Dull 61). He provided the monetary means to equip the colonists with arms in the form of one million livres tournois (Dull 61). King Louis XVI also ordered two groups of ships from the French fleet to stand ready for prompt dispatch, should Great Britain move to blockade any French ports of sea (Dull 61). The money itself was not loaned directly to the American government, as this would have been seen as an overt act of war; Great Britain, at this time, was keeping close watch on French actions and France could not afford another war with them (Dull 61). Secrets piled on top of secrets to help America. Commerce became the solution. The French foreign minister Comte de Vergennes created a commercial company, which was then used as a go-between and given the million livres tournois (Dull 61). The money, through the company, purchased arms from the French government, including guns, gunpowder, and other military supplies, which it sold to the American Congress, to be exchanged for payment in American tobacco (Dull 61). Through means such as this, France was able to provide indirect aid to the American nation while remaining largely in the background of any conflict between Great Britain and the Americas. It also did not hurt the French to k now that, once again, their common enemy would be wounded one way or another by the French supplies. It was soon apparent that secret aid would not be enough for the American Revolution. While France was content to provide that aid and remain in the background, causing strife to the country of Great Britain by aiding the colonists, they were unsure of whether or not openly supporting the war would be a good decision.

Impact of Infrastructure on Logistics in the Third World Countries Research Paper

Impact of Infrastructure on Logistics in the Third World Countries - Research Paper Example As the paper declares a number of empirical studies have found that infrastructure has a positive effect on output, especially in developing countries. Returns on infrastructure investments are generally highest during the early stages of development, when infrastructure is scarce and basic networks have not been completed. Returns tend to fall with development, sometimes sharply. This paper will examine closely the effects on logistics caused by infrastructure in the developing world. This discussion stresses that transportation links together the factors of economic production in a complex web of relationships between producers and consumers. The outcome is commonly a more efficient division of production by an exploitation of geographical comparative advantages, as well as the means to develop economies of scale and scope. The productivity of space, capital and labor has been the core problem facing logistics systems in developing countries as a result of in efficiency in distribution and personal mobility. Economic growth is increasingly linked with transport developments, namely infrastructures, but also with managerial expertise, which is crucial for logistics. Although transportation is an infrastructure intensive activity, most of the countries in the Central and East Africa lack hard assets which must be supported by an array of soft assets, namely management and information systems that enhance logistic system.